This report summarizes the results from the 2010 black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomus ludovicianus) population survey at Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge. This survey is conducted to monitor trends in abundance and distribution of black-tailed prairie dogs on Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge. Annual black-tailed prairie dog population surveys are conducted after young-of-the-year prairie dogs have emerged from their burrows and yearlings have dispersed (mid-June to late August). Prairie dog abundance and distribution is reported for the refuge.