Biomes simulated by BIOME4 using CESM2 lig127k, midHolocene, and piControl climate data on a global 0.5-degree grid
type: Dataset
description: This data set consists of simulated biomes for the last interglacial (127 ka), middle Holocene (6 ka), and preindustrial (1850 CE) time periods displayed in Figure 14 of Otto-Bliesner et al. (2020). Biomes were simulated with BIOME4 (ver. 4.2, https://pmip2.lsce.ipsl.fr/synth/biome4.shtml; Kaplan et al., 2003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002559), an equilibrium vegetation model, using CESM2 (ver. 2.1.0) simulated climate data produced under PMIP4/CMIP6 (Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 / Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6) lig127k, midHolocene, and piControl experiments (Otto-Bliesner et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3979-2017; Otto-Bliesner et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003957). To create input climate data for BIOME4, we used CESM2 reference-height temperature (tas), total precipitation rate (pr), and vertically integrated total cloud (clt), with tas converted from K to degrees C, pr converted to monthly total precipitation (mm) from precipitation rate (kg/m2/s), and clt converted from decimal fraction to %. The climate data were regridded to a 0.5-degree global grid using bilinear interpolation and bias-corrected by calculating long-term mean differences (lig127k minus piControl, midHolocene minus piControl, piControl minus historical 1961-1990 CE 30-year mean) and applying the differences to CRU CL 2.0 (1961-1990 CE 30-year mean) climate data (New et al., 2002, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr021001), also on a 0.5-degree grid. The lig127k and midHolocene data were calendar adjusted using PaleoCalAdjust (v1.0; Bartlein and Shafer, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3889-2019). Cloud data were converted to sunshine (%) using the approach of Doorenbos and Pruitt (1977, http://www.fao.org/3/a-f2430e.pdf). This approach follows closely that described in more detail by Harrison et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1922-6). Other BIOME4 input data included orbital eccentricity (ecc) and obliquity (ob…
issued: 2025-11-20T20:13:38.017535
modified: 20201202
spatial: Location
contact point: Organization
  fn: Sarah Shafer
keyword: amerigeo
keyword: amerigeoss
keyword: cesm2
keyword: ckan
keyword: climate-change
keyword: cmip6
keyword: geo
keyword: geoss
keyword: holocene
keyword: mathematical-simulation
keyword: national
keyword: north-america
keyword: pleistocene
keyword: pmip4
keyword: united-states
keyword: usgs-5fad7ca9d34eb413d5df46c8
keyword: vegetation
theme: {geospatial}

Original Metadata
type: Distribution
description: The metadata original format
format: XML
issued: 2022-07-28T20:47:35.277103
modified: 2025-11-20T20:13:38.007924
access URL: https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS.5fad7ca9d34eb413d5df46c8.xml
media type: text/xml

Digital Data
type: Distribution
description: Landing page for access to the data
format: XML
issued: 2022-07-28T20:47:35.277110
modified: 2025-11-20T20:13:38.008344
access URL: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D9S4EY
media type: application/http

US Migrating
type: Agent