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    dct:description "<p>Valuable research in gravitational biology, synthetic biology, proteomics, and biotechnology can be enhanced by using microwell platforms. The microwell platform provides a simple technique for doing massively parallel studies.&nbsp; However, to be effectively used in microgravity significant improvements in our ability to manage gases in these systems is needed. We are developing a system that addresses these limitations.&nbsp; This research enables a wide range foundational research in Space Synthetic Biology, Fundamental Space Biology, and Astrobiology, ultimately generating the knowledge required to engineer a potentially broad range of space biotechnology applications employing synthetic organisms and microbial bioreactors for in situ resource utilization and biological life support systems.</p> <p>Microwell-plates have become standardized formats for biological research. However, valuable biological microgravity research cannot be accomplished using these technologies without improvements in our ability to deliver, remove, and measure gases.</p><p>In microgravity, where buoyancy driven mixing is minimal, the buildup of CO<sub>2</sub> in solutions containing aerobic bacteria can adversely impact growth rates and mask more subtle effects. Likewise, the delivery of O<sub>2</sub> and removal of metabolic by-products at the bottom of a microwell in microgravity is difficult to achieve and even more difficult to measure.&nbsp; Gas that builds up and is not removed will supersaturate the growth medium and form bubbles causing interference with detection and analysis.</p><p>What is needed is a standard microwell-plate that is sealed with a transparent cover slip and has the capability to control, mix, and measure gas concentrations inside the microwells. To accomplish this requires the integration of a range of state-of-the-art micro and nano technologies such as micro-sensors that measure gas concentrations of O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, H2S, NO and some organics.&nbsp; Also needed are technologies that add O<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> to micro-atmospheres; remove CO<sub>2</sub>, NO, H<sub>2</sub>S, and organics; as well as micro-technologies that can control gas mixing, and gas circulation in micro-atmospheres.</p><p>This CIF grant developed an initial feasibility study of a sealed micro well that can measure and control the micro atmosphere contained in individual micro wells.&nbsp; This system uses carbon nanotube sensors to measure gas concentrations at a nano scale within the microwell.&nbsp; Gas phase adsorbents are used as gas reservoirs to add and remove atmospheric/metabolic gases from the well.&nbsp; Micro pumps and valves are used to circulate gases and insure good mixing in the well.</p>" ;
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